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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [ <!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../libs/global.ent"> <!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd."> <!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project"> <!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>"> <!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide"> <!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Jaunty Jackalope"> <!ENTITY distro-rev "9.04"> <!ENTITY distro-release-date "April 2009"> <!ENTITY distro-short-codename "jaunty"> <!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Ubuntu 9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope"> <!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.27"> <!ENTITY gcc-version "4.3.1"> <!ENTITY glibc-version "2.8"> <!ENTITY python-version "2.5"> <!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml"> <!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../libs/C/legalnotice.xml"> <!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'> <!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/"> <!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'> <!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/"> <!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'> <!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en"> <!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com"> <!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com"> <!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode"> <!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com"> <!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu"> <!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu"> <!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu"> <!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu"> <!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages 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connecttoserver "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Connect to Server...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY cowbell "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY chromium "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Chromium</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY computer-janitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System Janitor</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY desktop-background "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Background</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY desktop-effects "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Visual Effects</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY desktop-preferences 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"<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>HomeBank</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY hubackup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY hurestore "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Restore</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY inkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Inkscape SVG Vector Illustrator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY internet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY kdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY keyboard "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY language-support "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Language Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY liferea "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Liferea Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY limewire "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>LimeWire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY lockscreen "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Lock Screen</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY login-screen-setup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Login Window</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY mahjongg "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mahjongg</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY menu-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Applications Menu Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY menus-and-toolbars "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Menus & Toolbars</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY monodevelop "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY monodoc "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY mouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mouse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY mtink "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>mtink</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY music "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Music</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Multimedia Systems Selector</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY ndisgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows Wireless Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY network-proxy "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Proxy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY network-tools "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY networking "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY network-servers "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY neverball "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverball</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY neverputt "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverputt</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY nexuiz "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Nexuiz</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY open-office "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-base "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Database</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-draw "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Draw</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-presentation "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Presentation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-spreadsheet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-writer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Word Processor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY palmos-devices "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PalmOS Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY pan "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pan Newsreader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY photoprint "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PhotoPrint</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY pidgin "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pidgin Internet Messenger</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY power-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Power Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY ppracer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Planet Penguin Racer</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY preferred-applications "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Preferred Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY print "<menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Print</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY printing "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Printing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY qtparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>QTParted</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY remote-desktop "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Remote Desktop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY removable-drives-and-media "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Removable Drives and Media</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY realplayer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>RealPlayer 11</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY restricted-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Hardware Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY rhythmbox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Rhythmbox Music Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY route-planner "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY scorched3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Scorched 3D</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY screen-resolution "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screen Resolution</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY screensaver "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screensaver</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY scribus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY serpentine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Serpentine Audio CD Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY services "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY sessions "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY shared-folders "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Shared Folders</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY skype "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Skype</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY software-properties "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY software-sources "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY sound "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY soundandvideo "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY soundjuicer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Audio CD Extractor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY supertux "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>SuperTux</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY shutdown "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Shut Down...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY synaptic "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY system-monitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY systemtools "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY terminal "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY text-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY theme "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Theme</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY thunderbird "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mozilla Thunderbird Mail/News</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY time-date "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Time and Date</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY totem "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Movie Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY touchpad "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Touchpad</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY tremulous "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Tremulous</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY ubuntu-update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ubuntu Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY users "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY users-groups "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY windows "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY wireshark "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Wireshark</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY xchat-gnome "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Xchat-GNOME IRC Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY xine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>xine</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY xmms "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XMMS</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY xsane "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XSane Image Scanner</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../libs/xinclude.mod"> <!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?> <!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml"> <!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY> <!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'"> <!ENTITY language "en"> <!ENTITY gnome-partition-editor "<application>GNOME Partition Editor</application>"> ]> <?db.chunk.max_depth 2?> <?yelp:chunk-depth 2?> <article lang="ru" id="hardware"> <articleinfo> <title>–†–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ —Å –æ–±–æ—Ä—É–¥–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º</title> <legalnotice id="legal"> <title>–ê–≤—Ç–æ—Ä—ã –∏ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∏—è</title> <para>–≠—Ç–æ—Ç –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫–æ–º–∞–Ω–¥–æ–π –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –£–±—É–Ω—Ç—É (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). –î–ª—è –ø—Ä–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ —Å—Å—ã–ª–∫–µ <ulink url="../../libs/C/contributors.xml">–°—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ü–∞ —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∫–æ–º–∞–Ω–¥—ã –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è</ulink></para> <para>–≠—Ç–æ—Ç –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–æ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∏–∏ Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 License (CC-BY-SA).</para> <para>–≠—Ç–∞ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∏—è –¥–∞—ë—Ç –≤–∞–º –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å, —Ä–∞—Å—à–∏—Ä—è—Ç—å –∏ —É–ª—É—á—à–∞—Ç—å –∏—Å—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—ã–π –∫–æ–¥ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏–∏ Ubuntu. –í—Å–µ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–µ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –±—ã—Ç—å –≤—ã–ø—É–µ—â–Ω—ã —Å–æ–≥–ª–∞—Å–Ω–æ —ç—Ç–æ–π –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∏–∏.</para> <para>–≠—Ç–∞ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å –Ω–∞–¥–µ–∂–¥–æ–π, —á—Ç–æ –æ–Ω–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –í–∞–º –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–Ω–∞, –Ω–æ –ë–ï–ó –ö–ê–ö–ò–• –õ–ò–ë–û –ì–ê–†–ê–ù–¢–ò–ô; –¥–∞–∂–µ –±–µ–∑ –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ–π –≥–∞—Ä–∞–Ω—Ç–∏–∏ –†–ê–ë–û–¢–û–°–ü–û–°–û–ë–ù–û–°–¢–ò –∏–ª–∏ –ü–†–ò–ì–û–î–ù–û–°–¢–ò –î–õ–Ø –û–ü–†–ï–î–ï–õ–ï–ù–ù–û–ì–û –ü–†–ò–ú–ï–ù–ï–ù–ò–Ø, –ö–ê–ö –û–ü–ò–°–ê–ù–û –í –°–û–ì–õ–ê–®–ï–ù–ò–ò.</para> <para>–ö–æ–ø–∏—è —ç—Ç–æ–π –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∏–∏ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω–∞ –ø–æ –∞–¥—Ä–µ—Å—É <ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/libs/C/ccbysa.xml">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>.</para> </legalnotice> <copyright> <year>2008</year> <holder>Canonical Ltd. –∏ —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω–∏–∫–∏ <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc">–ü—Ä–æ–µ–∫—Ç –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏–∏ Ubuntu</ulink></holder> </copyright> <publisher> <publishername>–ü—Ä–æ–µ–∫—Ç –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è Ubuntu</publishername> </publisher> </articleinfo> <para>–í–∞—à –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç –∏–∑ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–æ–µ–¥–∏–Ω—ë–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –º–µ–∂–¥—É —Å–æ–±–æ–π —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–µ —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è –∞–ø–ø–∞—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω—ã–º –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞ –∏–ª–∏ <emphasis>hardware</emphasis>.</para> <para>Ubuntu, –∫–∞–∫ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–æ, –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç –∞–ø–ø–∞—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω–æ–µ –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∞–≤—Ç–æ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏, –Ω–æ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–Ω—É—Ç—å —Å–∏—Ç—É–∞—Ü–∏–∏, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤–∞–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –∫–∞–∫–∏–µ-—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ —Å–∞–º–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—é –æ —Ç–æ–º, –∫–∞–∫ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —ç—Ç–æ —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å</para> <sect1 id="restricted-manager" status="review"> <title>–ü—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä—ã</title> <para>–î–ª—è –∫–æ—Ä—Ä–µ–∫—Ç–Ω–æ–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤, –ø–æ–¥–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∫ –≤–∞—à–µ–º—É –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä—É, –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –ø–æ–Ω–∞–¥–æ–±–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞.</para> <sect2 id="restrictedmanager-whyrestricted" status="review"> <title>–ü–æ—á–µ–º—É –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞ –∏–º–µ—é—Ç –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏—è?</title> <para><emphasis>–ü—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞ (–¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞ —Å –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏—è–º–∏) - –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–∏–≤–∞—é—Ç –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∫—É –≤–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –æ–±–æ—Ä—É–¥–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –Ω–æ –æ–Ω–∏ –Ω–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω—ã –Ω–∞ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ–π –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–µ –∏–ª–∏ –ø–æ –∏–¥–µ–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–∏ –æ—Ç–∫—Ä—ã—Ç–æ–≥–æ —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞.</emphasis></para> <para>–ë–æ–ª—å—à–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤ (–∞–ø–ø–∞—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–±–µ—Å–ø–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏—è), –ø–æ–¥–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –∫ –≤–∞—à–µ–º—É –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä—É, –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –≤ Ubuntu. –¢–∞–∫–∏–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –≤–µ—Ä–æ—è—Ç–Ω–µ–π –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ –∏–º–µ—é—Ç <emphasis>–Ω–µ–ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–µ </emphasis>–¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞. –≠—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç, —á—Ç–æ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω—ã —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏–∫–∞–º–∏ Ubuntu –¥–ª—è –∏—Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω—ã—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º</para> <para>–ù–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –æ–±–æ—Ä—É–¥–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—è–µ–º—ã—Ö –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–æ–≤, –≤ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–º –∏–∑-–∑–∞ —Ç–æ–≥–æ —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –æ–±–æ—Ä—É–¥–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –Ω–µ —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—è—é—Ç —Ç–æ—á–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏–π –æ–± —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–µ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –±—ã –ø–æ–º–æ—á—å —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å —Ç–∞–∫–æ–π –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä. –¢–∞–∫–æ–≥–æ —Ä–æ–¥–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –∏–º–µ—Ç—å –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–Ω—É—é —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å –≤–æ–æ–±—â–µ.</para> <para>–ï—Å–ª–∏ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–µ–Ω <emphasis>–ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–π –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä</emphasis> –¥–ª—è –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—ë–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞, –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª–∏—Ç—å —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤—É —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º –∏–ª–∏ –≤–æ—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –¥–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–º —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–∞–ª–æ–º. –ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞ –¥–ª—è –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –≤–∏–¥–µ–æ–∫–∞—Ä—Ç, –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª–∏—Ç—å –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Å–æ–≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:desktop-effects">–≤–∏–∑—É–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —ç—Ñ—Ñ–µ–∫—Ç—ã</ulink>.</para> <para>–ù–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä—ã –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –Ω–µ –∏–º–µ—Ç—å —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞ –ª–∏–±–æ –∏–∑-–∑–∞ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, —á—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏–≤–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–º–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞–º–∏, –∏–ª–∏ –ø–æ—Ç–æ–º—É —á—Ç–æ –≤ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π –º–æ–º–µ–Ω—Ç –Ω–µ—Ç –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω—ã—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã—Ö –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–æ–≤ –¥–ª—è —ç—Ç–∏—Ö —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤.</para> <caution> <para>–ü—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞ —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–∞—Ç—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –æ–±–æ—Ä—É–¥–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è, –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –æ–Ω–∏ –Ω–µ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω—ã —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏–∫–∞–º–∏ Ubuntu –≤ —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º –∏–ª–∏ –æ—à–∏–±–æ–∫.</para> </caution> </sect2> <sect2 id="restrictedmanager-enable" status="review"> <title>–í–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞</title> <para>–î–ª—è –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞ —Å —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º:</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ó–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–î—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä—ã —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para> </step> <step> <para>–ù–∞–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –±—ã –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç—å –∏ –ø–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤—å—Ç–µ –≥–∞–ª–æ—á–∫—É –≤ –ø–æ–∑–∏—Ü–∏–∏ <guilabel>–í–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω</guilabel> —Ä—è–¥–æ–º —Å –µ–≥–æ –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º</para> </step> <step> <para>–í–∞—Å –ø–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å—è—Ç –ø–æ–¥—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–¥–∏—Ç—å –≤–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞. –ù–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton> –í–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç—å –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä</guibutton></para> </step> <step> <para>–í–µ—Ä–æ—è—Ç–Ω–æ, –≤–∞–º –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –∑–∞–≥—Ä—É–∑–∏—Ç—å –∏ —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å —Ç–∞–∫–æ–π –ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–π –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä</para> </step> <step> <para>–í–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –≤–∞–º –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–∑–∞–≥—Ä—É–∑–∏—Ç—å –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –¥–ª—è –æ–∫–æ–Ω—á–∞–Ω–∏—è —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∫–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞</para> </step> </procedure> </sect2> <sect2 id="restrictedmanager-disable" status="review"> <title>–û—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞</title> <para>–ï—Å–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–ø—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω—ã–π –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º—ã, –∏–ª–∏ –≤—ã –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –µ–≥–æ –≤—ã–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç—å, —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–π—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ–¥—É—Ä–µ, –æ–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π –Ω–∏–∂–µ.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ó–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–î—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä—ã —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para> </step> <step> <para>–ù–∞–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –±—ã –≤—ã–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç—å –∏ —Å–Ω–∏–º–∏—Ç–µ –≥–∞–ª–æ—á–∫—É –≤ –∫–æ–ª–æ–Ω–∫–µ <guilabel>–í–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω</guilabel>, —Ä—è–¥–æ–º —Å –Ω–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞.</para> </step> <step> <para>–í–∞—Å –ø–æ–ø—Ä–æ—Å—è—Ç –ø–æ–¥—Ç–≤–µ—Ä–¥–∏—Ç—å –≤—ã–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞. –ù–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–í—ã–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç—å –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä</guibutton></para> </step> <step> <para>–í–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ, –≤–∞–º –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–∑–∞–≥—Ä—É–∑–∏—Ç—å –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –¥–ª—è –æ–∫–æ–Ω—á–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ –≤—ã–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞</para> </step> </procedure> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="disks" status="review"> <title>–î–∏—Å–∫–∏ –∏ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—ã</title> <para>–≠—Ç–∞ —Å–µ–∫—Ü–∏—è –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –ø–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—é –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤, –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥–æ–≤ –∏ —Å—ä—ë–º–Ω—ã—Ö –∂—ë—Å—Ç–∫–∏—Ö –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤.</para> <indexterm zone="partitioning-device"> <primary>—Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª</primary> <secondary>—Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—ã</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="partitioning-device"> <primary>—Ä–∞–∑–±–∏–µ–Ω–∏–µ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—ã</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="partition-formatting"> <primary>—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</primary> <secondary>—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="mount-and-umount"> <primary>–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="mount-and-umount"> <primary>—Ä–∞–∑–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</primary> <secondary>—Ä–∞–∑–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="what-is-filesystem"> <primary>–§–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</primary> <secondary>—Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</secondary> </indexterm> <sect2 id="checking-usage" status="review"> <title>–ü—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∫–∞ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–∞</title> <para>–û—Ç–∫—Ä–æ–π—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–Ω—ã–π –º–æ–Ω–∏—Ç–æ—Ä</guimenuitem></menuchoice> –∏ –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –≤–∫–ª–∞–¥–∫—É <guilabel>–§–∞–π–ª–æ–≤—ã–µ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã</guilabel>, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —É–∑–Ω–∞—Ç—å —Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω–æ –Ω–∞ –∂—ë—Å—Ç–∫–∏—Ö –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞—Ö –≤–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞.</para> <para>–ò–ª–∏ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–ü–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ö–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ–π –∫–Ω–æ–ø–∫–æ–π –º—ã—à–∏ –Ω–∞ –∂—ë—Å—Ç–∫–æ–º –¥–∏—Å–∫–µ, –∫–ª–∏–∫–Ω–∏—Ç–µ <guilabel>–°–≤–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</guilabel> –∏ –≤—ã–±–∏—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –≤–∫–ª–∞–¥–∫—É <guilabel>–û—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–µ</guilabel>, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —É–≤–∏–¥–µ—Ç—å —Å—É–º–º–∞—Ä–Ω–æ–µ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–æ–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω–æ–µ –Ω–∞ —ç—Ç–æ–º –¥–∏—Å–∫–µ.</para> <sect3 id="advanced-disk-analysis" status="review"> <title>–†–∞—Å—à–∏—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –∞–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞</title> <para>–î–ª—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∞–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã, –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–ü—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è</guimenu><guimenuitem>–°—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–Ω—ã–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤</guimenuitem></menuchoice> —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å <application>–ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä...</application>.</para> <para>–í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–°–∫–∞–Ω–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–æ–º–∞—à–Ω—é—é –ø–∞–ø–∫—É</guibutton> –¥–ª—è —Å–∫–∞–Ω–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –≤–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–∞—Ç–∞–ª–æ–≥–∞, –∏–ª–∏ –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–°–∫–∞–Ω–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤—É—é —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—É</guibutton>, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–µ –≤ —Ü–µ–ª–æ–º.</para> <para>–°–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <ulink url="ghelp:baobab" type="help">–†—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ –ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∞ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞</ulink> –¥–ª—è –¥–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–π –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏–∏.</para> </sect3> </sect2> <sect2 id="free-disk-space" status="review"> <title>–ö–∞–∫ —è –º–æ–≥—É –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–æ–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ?</title> <para>–°—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—ã—Ö —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–æ–≤ —É–≤–µ–ª–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–∞:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>–û—á–∏—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –∫–æ—Ä–∑–∏–Ω—É, –Ω–∞–∂–∞–≤ –ø—Ä–∞–≤—É—é –∫–Ω–æ–ø–∫—É –º—ã—à–∏ –Ω–∞ –∏–∫–æ–Ω–∫–µ –ö–æ—Ä–∑–∏–Ω—ã –Ω–∞ –Ω–∏–∂–Ω–µ–π –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∏ –∏ –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –ø—É–Ω–∫—Ç <guilabel>–û—á–∏—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å –∫–æ—Ä–∑–∏–Ω—É</guilabel>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><ulink url="apt:computer-janitor-gtk">–£—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç–µ <application>–û—á–∏—Å—Ç–∫–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã</application></ulink> –∏ –∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –µ–≥–æ —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ –º–µ–Ω—é <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>–û—á–∏—Å—Ç–∫–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã</guisubmenu></menuchoice>. –ü—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ –ø–æ–º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –≤–∞–º —É–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç—å –Ω–µ–∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—ã–µ –∏ —É—Å—Ç–∞—Ä–µ–≤—à–∏–µ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç—ã. –í–Ω–∏–º–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–æ–≤ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥ —Ç–µ–º –∫–∞–∫ –Ω–∞–∂–∞—Ç—å –∫–Ω–æ–ø–∫—É <guibutton>–û—á–∏—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å</guibutton>; —Å–∫–∞—á–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –∏ —É—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –≤—Ä—É—á–Ω—É—é –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç—ã –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–µ –Ω–µ–∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—ã—Ö, –¥–∞–∂–µ –µ—Å–ª–∏ –æ–Ω–∏ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–≤—ã–º–∏ –Ω–µ —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–£–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç–µ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç—ã –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –í—ã –¥–æ–ª–≥–æ –Ω–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç–µ. –°–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:add-applications#gnome-app-install"> –£—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∫–∞/—É–¥–∞–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π</ulink> –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–ª—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –æ —É–¥–∞–ª–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–æ–≤.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–£–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –í–∞–º –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –Ω–µ –Ω—É–∂–Ω—ã. –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ (<menuchoice><guimenu>–ü—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è</guimenu><guimenuitem>–°—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–Ω—ã–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤</guimenuitem></menuchoice>), —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø–æ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–µ—Ç—å –∫–∞–∫–∏–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã –∑–∞–Ω–∏–º–∞—é—Ç –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞. –ë—É–¥—å—Ç–µ –æ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–∂–Ω—ã, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –Ω–µ —É–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç—å —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –í–∞–º –µ—â—ë –Ω—É–∂–Ω—ã!</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–í—ã —Ç–∞–∫ –∂–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —Å–∂–∞—Ç—å –∏ –∑–∞–∞—Ä—Ö–∏–≤–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –≤–∞—à–∏ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—ã–µ, —Ä–µ–¥–∫–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—ã–µ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã:</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã –∏ –ø–∞–ø–∫–∏ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —Å–∂–∞—Ç—å, —â–µ–ª–∫–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ–π –∫–Ω–æ–ø–∫–æ–π –º—ã—à–∏ –ø–æ –Ω–∏–º –∏ –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <guilabel>–°–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–≤</guilabel>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –∏–º—è, —Ä–∞—Å–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ (—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç <filename>.tar.gz</filename> —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞–∏–±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º –≤ Ubuntu, —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç <filename>.zip</filename> —Å–æ–≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏ —Å Windows –∞ <filename>.tar.lzma</filename> –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –¥–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–∏–ª—É—á—à–µ–µ —Å–∂–∞—Ç–∏–µ).</para> </step> <step> <para>–ù–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–°–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å</guibutton>. –ë—É–¥–µ—Ç —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–≤–Ω—ã–π —Ñ–∞–π–ª, —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—â–∏–π —Å–∂–∞—Ç—ã–µ –∫–æ–ø–∏–∏ –í–∞—à–∏—Ö —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤.</para> </step> <step> <para>–£–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç—å —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—ã–µ –Ω–µ—Å–∂–∞—Ç—ã–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã, –¥–ª—è —Ç–æ–≥–æ —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–µ.</para> </step> </procedure> </sect2> <sect2 id="partitioning-device" status="review"> <title>–î–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—ã</title> <para>–ò—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–π—Ç–µ <application>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤</application> –¥–ª—è —Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ç–∫–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤. <ulink url="apt:gparted">–£—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç–µ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç <application>gparted</application></ulink> –∏ –∑–∞—Ç–µ–º –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> <caution> <para>–ë—É–¥—å—Ç–µ –æ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–∂–Ω—ã –ø—Ä–∏ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è—Ö, —Ç–∞–∫ –∫–∞–∫ —ç—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–∏–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –∫ –ø–æ—Ç–µ—Ä–µ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã —É–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç–µ –∏–ª–∏ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–µ —Ç–æ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª.</para> </caution> <sect3 id="freeing-space" status="review"> <title>–û—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –¥–ª—è –Ω–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞</title> <para>–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞—Ç—å –Ω–æ–≤—ã–π —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª –Ω–∞ —É–∂–µ —Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—á–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–º —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–µ, –≤–∞–º –Ω—É–∂–Ω–æ —Å–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–∞ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å —Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä —É–∂–µ —Å—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞. –ï—Å–ª–∏ —É –≤–∞—Å —É–∂–µ –µ—Å—Ç—å —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–µ, –ø–µ—Ä–µ–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ –∫ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—É –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏–∏<xref linkend="creating-new-partition"/>; –µ—Å–ª–∏ –Ω–µ—Ç - —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–π—Ç–µ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏—è–º: <orderedlist> <listitem> <para>–ù–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤ Gnome</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–ª—è —Ä–∞–∑–±–∏–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—ã –∏–∑ –≤—ã–ø–∞–¥–∞—é—â–µ–≥–æ –º–µ–Ω—é –≤ –≤–µ—Ä—Ö–Ω–µ–º –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ–º —É–≥–ª—É –≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–∫–Ω–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–°–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤ –ø–æ—è–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è. –í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –∂–µ–ª–∞–µ–º—ã–π —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª –∏ –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –∂–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–†–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª</guimenu><guimenuitem>–û—Ç–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å —Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞, –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <guilabel>–ò–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å/–ü–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å</guilabel>. –ü–æ—è–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è –¥–∏–∞–ª–æ–≥ <guilabel>–ò–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å/–ø–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å</guilabel>. –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —ç–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç <guilabel>–°–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞ (–ú–∏–ë)</guilabel>, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –≤—ã–±—Ä–∞—Ç—å, —Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞, –ª–∏–±–æ <guilabel>–°–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–º (–ú–∏–ë)</guilabel> –¥–ª—è –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–¥ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–º. –¢–∞–∫–∂–µ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –±–µ–≥—É–Ω–æ–∫ –¥–ª—è –≤—ã–±–æ—Ä–∞ –∫–æ–Ω–∫—Ä–µ—Ç–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è, –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ò–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å/–ü–µ—Ä–µ–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å (Resize/Move)</guibutton>.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist></para> </sect3> <sect3 id="creating-new-partition" status="review"> <title>–°–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞</title> <para>–î–ª—è —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è –Ω–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞: <orderedlist> <listitem> <para>–í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–ª—è —Ä–∞–∑–±–∏–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—ã –∏–∑ –≤—ã–ø–∞–¥–∞—é—â–µ–≥–æ –º–µ–Ω—é –≤ –≤–µ—Ä—Ö–Ω–µ–º –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ–º —É–≥–ª—É –≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–∫–Ω–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ü–æ—è–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è —Å–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤. –í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <guilabel>–Ω–µ—Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—á–µ–Ω–Ω–∞—è –æ–±–ª–∞—Å—Ç—å (unallocated)</guilabel> –∏ –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ù–æ–≤—ã–π —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª</guibutton>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ò–∑ –≤—ã–ø–∞–¥–∞—é—â–µ–≥–æ –º–µ–Ω—é <guilabel>–§–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guilabel> –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Ç–∏–ø —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã –∏ –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–î–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å</guibutton></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–î–ª—è —Ç–æ–≥–æ —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è, –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å</guibutton>.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist></para> </sect3> </sect2> <sect2 id="partition-formatting" status="review"> <title>–§–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞</title> <para>–í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å <application>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤ GNOME</application> –¥–ª—è —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞ (—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <xref linkend="partitioning-device"/> –¥–ª—è –¥–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–π –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –ø–æ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—é <application> –†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤ GNOME</application>).</para> <para>–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –æ—Ç—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª, —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞–π—Ç–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–µ: <orderedlist> <listitem> <para>–ù–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤ Gnome</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–ª—è —Ä–∞–∑–±–∏–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—ã –∏–∑ –≤—ã–ø–∞–¥–∞—é—â–µ–≥–æ –º–µ–Ω—é –≤ –≤–µ—Ä—Ö–Ω–µ–º –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ–º —É–≥–ª—É –≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–∫–Ω–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–°–ø–∏—Å–æ–∫ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤ –ø–æ—è–≤–∏—Ç—Å—è. –í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –∂–µ–ª–∞–µ–º—ã–π —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª –∏ –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –∂–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–†–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª</guimenu><guimenuitem>–û—Ç–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –æ—Ç—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∏ –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–†–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª</guimenu><guimenuitem>–§–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, –∑–∞—Ç–µ–º –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –∏–∑ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ —Ç–∏–ø —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–î–ª—è —Ç–æ–≥–æ —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è, –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å</guibutton>.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist></para> <warning> <para>–ù–∞–∂–∞—Ç–∏–µ –∫–Ω–æ–ø–∫–∏ <guibutton>–ü—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å</guibutton> –±–µ–∑–≤–æ–∑–≤—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω–æ —É–¥–∞–ª–∏—Ç –≤—Å–µ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–µ.</para> </warning> </sect2> <sect2 id="to-format-meaning" status="review"> <title>–ß—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ?</title> <para>–û—Ç—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∂—ë—Å—Ç–∫–∏ –¥–∏—Å–∫, —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∏–ª–∏ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç –ø–æ–¥–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–∏—Ç—å –æ–±–æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö.</para> <para>–û–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏—è —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∂–µ—Å—Ç–∫–æ–≥–æ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞ –∏–ª–∏ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –∫ –Ω–µ–º—É –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∞ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö; —ç—Ç–æ—Ç —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è <quote>—Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–æ–π</quote>.</para> <para>–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –ø–æ–∫—É–ø–∞–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∏—Å–∫, –æ–Ω –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –Ω–µ –æ—Ç—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω, –∏ –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Å—Ä–∞–∑—É –±—ã—Ç—å –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö. –ü–æ—Å–ª–µ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –æ–±—Ä–∞—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –≤–Ω–∏–º–∞–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ, —á—Ç–æ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –Ω–∞ –Ω—ë–º –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ, —á–µ–º –∏—Å—Ö–æ–¥–Ω–∞—è –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç—å –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞. –ß–∞—Å—Ç—å –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –∑–∞–Ω—è—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–º –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –±—ã–ª–æ –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è; –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞. –ö—Ä–æ–º–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã–º–∏ —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–∞–º–∏ –¥–ª—è –∏–∑–º–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∏–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç –∫ –µ—â–µ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ–º—É —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–∏—é.</para> </sect2> <sect2 id="what-is-filesystem" status="review"> <title>–ß—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞?</title> <para>–§–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ - —ç—Ç–æ –∫–æ–Ω–∫—Ä–µ—Ç–Ω—ã–π —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏ –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–∞—Ü–∏–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤ –Ω–∞ –Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª–µ, —Ç–∞–∫–æ–º –∫–∞–∫ –∂–µ—Å—Ç–∫–∏–π –¥–∏—Å–∫. –û–Ω–∞ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤–∞–∂–Ω–æ–π —á–∞—Å—Ç—å—é –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã. –ë–µ–∑ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞–º –∏ –∏—Ö —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –±—ã–ª–∏ –±—ã –Ω–µ–≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω—ã.</para> <para>–°—É—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã–µ —Ç–∏–ø—ã —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤—ã—Ö —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º. –°–∞–º—ã–µ —Ä–∞—Å–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—ë–Ω–Ω—ã–µ: <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>ext2 –∏ ext3: –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ö GNU/Linux. –í –∫–∞—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã –≤ Ubuntu –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è <emphasis>ext3</emphasis>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>FAT16</acronym> –∏ <acronym>FAT32</acronym>: —ç—Ç–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤—ã–µ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã –¥–ª—è Microsoft Windows, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º—ã–µ –Ω–∞ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—ã—Ö –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ö. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã —Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —Å–æ–≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–∏—Ö –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞—Ö, —Ç–æ <emphasis><acronym>FAT32</acronym></emphasis> - —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏–π –≤—ã–±–æ—Ä.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>NTFS</acronym>: —ç—Ç–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ–º–∞—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Å–æ–≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏—è–º–∏ Microsoft Windows.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>HFS+</acronym>: —ç—Ç–æ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π —Ç–∏–ø —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã –¥–ª—è Mac OS X.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist></para> </sect2> <sect2 id="partition-meaning" status="review"> <title>–ß—Ç–æ —Ç–∞–∫–æ–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª?</title> <para>–ü—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–ª—è —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–µ, —Ç–∞–∫–æ–º –∫–∞–∫ –∂–µ—Å—Ç–∫–∏–π –¥–∏—Å–∫, –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å —Ä–∞–∑–±–∏—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —á–∞—Å—Ç–µ–π - —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–æ–≤. –†–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—ã –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∫–∞–∫ –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö (<quote>–ª–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</quote>).</para> <para>–ö–∞–∂–¥–æ–µ –ª–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Ä–∞—Åc–º–∞—Ç—Ä–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–æ–π, –∫–∞–∫ –Ω–µ–∑–∞–≤–∏—Å–∏–º–æ–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ.</para> <para>–†–∞–∑–±–∏–µ–Ω–∏–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–æ –ø–æ –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–∏–º –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∞–º: <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>–ü–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–£—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∫–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–õ—É—á—à–µ –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –¥–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –Ω–∞ –∂–µ—Å—Ç–∫–æ–º –¥–∏—Å–∫–µ</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist></para> </sect2> <sect2 id="mount-and-umount" status="review"> <title>–ú–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∏ —Ä–∞–∑–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤</title> <para>–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –ø–æ–¥–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç–µ —Å—ä–µ–º–Ω—ã–π –Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –∫ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä—É, –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–∞ <emphasis>—Å–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å</emphasis> –µ–≥–æ, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –≤—ã –º–æ–≥–ª–∏ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø –∫ –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥—è—â–∏–º—Å—è –Ω–∞ –Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞–º.</para> <para>–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã —É–∑–Ω–∞—Ç—å, –∫–∞–∫ –ø–æ–¥—Å–æ–µ–¥–∏–Ω—è—Ç—å –∏ –æ—Ç—Å–æ–µ–¥–∏–Ω—è—Ç—å —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏–∏, —Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#gosnautilus-460">–ò—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ —Å–º–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª–µ–π</ulink></para> <para>–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –∫–æ–ø–∏—Ä—É–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã –Ω–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏–∏, –æ–Ω–∏ –Ω–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ–≥–æ –Ω–µ–º–µ–¥–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ. –í–º–µ—Å—Ç–æ —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –æ–Ω–∏ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –ø–æ–º–µ—â–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ –æ—á–µ—Ä–µ–¥—å, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –≤—Å–µ –∏—Ö –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –±—ã–ª–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –Ω–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ (–≤ —Ü–µ–ª—è—Ö –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏). –ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –æ—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–æ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –∫–∞–∫ –≤—Å–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã –±—É–¥—É—Ç –ø–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–µ—Å–µ–Ω—ã –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ–≥–æ, –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ—Ç–µ—Ä—è—Ç—å —Ñ–∞–π–ª—ã. –ß—Ç–æ–±—ã —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–æ—à–ª–æ, –≤—ã –≤—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã <emphasis>–æ—Ç–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å</emphasis> —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏–∏, –ø—Ä–µ–∂–¥–µ —á–µ–º –æ—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ.</para> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="laptops" status="review"> <title>–ù–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–∏</title> <para>–≠—Ç–æ–º —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—é –¥–ª—è —Ç–µ—Ö, –∫—Ç–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç Ubuntu –Ω–∞ –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–µ.</para> <sect2 id="laptops-pm" status="review"> <title>–ù–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º</title> <para>–í—ã, –≤–µ—Ä–æ—è—Ç–Ω–æ, –∑–∞—Ö–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º –≤–∞—à–µ–≥–æ –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–∞, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø—Ä–æ–¥–ª–∏—Ç—å —Å—Ä–æ–∫ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã –µ–≥–æ –±–∞—Ç–∞—Ä–µ–∏ –∏ —Å–Ω–∏–∑–∏—Ç—å —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–æ–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ù–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü–∞—Ä–∞–º–µ—Ç—Ä—ã</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–£–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ø–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ò–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –ø–æ —Å–≤–æ–µ–º—É –∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∏—é. –ò–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø—Ä–∏–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—Å—è –Ω–µ–∑–∞–º–µ–¥–ª–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ.</para> </step> </procedure> <para>–û—Ç–æ–±—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π –∑–∞—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∫–∏ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Ç—Ä–µ–±–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏–∏, —á–µ–º –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ –ø—É—Å—Ç–æ–π —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω. –í—ã–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—è —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –Ω–µ–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ —É–≤–µ–ª–∏—á–∏—Ç—å –≤—Ä–µ–º—è —Å–ª—É–∂–±—ã –±–∞—Ç–∞—Ä–µ–∏ –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–∞.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ù–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü–∞—Ä–∞–º–µ—Ç—Ä—ã</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–•—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ò–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ <guilabel>–¢–µ–º–∞ –•—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—è —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞</guilabel> –Ω–∞ <guilabel>–ü—É—Å—Ç–æ–π —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω</guilabel>. –¢–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–æ –∑–∞—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∫–∏ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –æ—Ç–æ–±—Ä–∞–∂–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ —á—ë—Ä–Ω—ã–π —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω.</para> </step> </procedure> <note> <para>–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –æ—Ç –±–∞—Ç–∞—Ä–µ–∏, –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–º –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª–µ–º —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏–∏ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω. –ü–æ–Ω–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ —è—Ä–∫–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Å–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ —É–≤–µ–ª–∏—á–∏—Ç—å —Å—Ä–æ–∫ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã –±–∞—Ç–∞—Ä–µ–∏; –º–Ω–æ–≥–∏–µ –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–∏ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è—é—Ç –¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å —ç—Ç–æ –Ω–∞–∂–∞—Ç–∏–µ–º <keycombo><keycap>Fn</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo> –Ω–µ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —Ä–∞–∑.</para> </note> </sect2> <sect2 id="laptops-touchpads" status="review"> <title>–°–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∏</title> <para>–ë–æ–ª—å—à–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–Ω—ã—Ö –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–æ–≤ –∏–º–µ—é—Ç —Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω—É—é –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª—å, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–ª—è —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —É–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª–µ–º –º—ã—à–∏. –ï—Å—Ç—å –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±–æ–≤ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –ø–æ–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏ —Ä–µ–∞–∫—Ü–∏—é —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã –Ω–∞ —Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω—É—é –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª—å. –°–∞–º—ã–µ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ —Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω–æ–π –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∏ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º.</para> <procedure> <step><para>–ù–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü–∞—Ä–∞–º–µ—Ç—Ä—ã</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ú—ã—à—å</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para></step> <step><para>–í—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –∑–∞–∫–ª–∞–¥–∫—É <guilabel>–°–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω–∞—è –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª—å Touchpad</guilabel>.</para></step> <step><para>–ó–¥–µ—Å—å –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ —Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω–æ–π –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∏ –ø–æ –≤–∞—à–µ–º—É –≤–∫—É—Å—É. –ü—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏–º—ã–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã –≤—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞—Ç—å –≤ —Å–∏–ª—É –Ω–µ–º–µ–¥–ª–µ–Ω–Ω–æ.</para></step> </procedure> <para>–ù–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ —Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—è—Ç—å—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ –º—ã—à–∏, –Ω–µ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä—è –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ, —á—Ç–æ –≤ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ —è–≤–ª—è—é—Ç—Å—è —Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω—ã–º–∏ –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª—è–º–∏. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –≤ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∞—Ö –º—ã—à–∏ –∑–∞–∫–ª–∞–¥–∫–∞ <guilabel>–°–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω–∞—è –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª—å</guilabel> –Ω–µ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω–∞.</para> <note> <para>–°–º. <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticsTouchpad">—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ü—ã –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∫–∏ —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞</ulink> –¥–ª—è –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —à–∏—Ä–æ–∫–æ–π –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –ø–æ —Ç–∞—á–ø–∞–¥–∞–º (—Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω—ã–º –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª—è–º)</para> </note> </sect2> <sect2 id="laptops-testing-reports" status="review"> <title>–ü–æ–∏—Å–∫ –æ—Ç—á—ë—Ç–æ–≤ –ø–æ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—é –Ω–æ—Ç—É–±—É–∫–æ–≤</title> <para>–ë–æ–ª—å—à–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–æ–≤ –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ä—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ —Å–æ–≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç—å —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º Ubuntu, –¥–ª—è —Ç–æ–≥–æ —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —É–±–µ–¥–∏—Ç—å—Å—è —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç —Ç–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –∏–Ω–∞—è –æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã. –†–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç—ã —ç—Ç–∏—Ö —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–æ–≤ –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥—è—Ç—Å—è –≤ –ø—É–±–ª–∏—á–Ω–æ–º –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–µ, —Ç–∞–∫ —á—Ç–æ –≤ –Ω–∏—Ö –≤–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –æ–±–Ω–∞—Ä—É–∂–∏—Ç—å —Ä–µ—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫—à–µ–π –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º—ã.</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>–°–º. <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam">—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ü—ã –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∫–∏ —Å–æ–æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞</ulink> –ø–æ –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∫–µ –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–æ–≤ –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–ª—É—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–æ–≤.</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏–Ω—è—Ç—å —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–∏–µ –≤ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–∏ –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–æ–≤ –ª–∏—á–Ω–æ, –∑–∞–π–¥—è –Ω–∞ —Å–∞–π—Ç <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam">–ö–æ–º–∞–Ω–¥—ã —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–æ–≤</ulink>.</para> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="pm-suspending" status="review"> <title>–ü–µ—Ä–µ–≤–µ–¥–∏—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –≤ –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π –∏–ª–∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º.</title> <para>–° —Ü–µ–ª—å—é —ç–∫–æ–Ω–æ–º–∏–∏ —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏–∏, –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –í–∞—à –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –≤ –æ–¥–∏–Ω –∏–∑ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–æ–≤ —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–æ—Å–±–µ—Ä–µ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è, –Ω–∞ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>–ü–µ—Ä–µ–≤–æ–¥ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞ –≤ <emphasis role="strong">–ñ–¥—É—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º</emphasis> –∫–∞–∫ –±—ã –ø–æ–≥—Ä—É–∂–∞–µ—Ç –µ–≥–æ –≤ —Å–æ–Ω. –ö–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –æ—Å—Ç–∞—ë—Ç—Å—è –≤–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º –∏ –≤—Å—è —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è, –Ω–æ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º–µ–Ω—å—à–µ —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏–∏. –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–±—É–¥–∏—Ç—å –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä, –Ω–∞–∂–∞–≤ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏—à—É –∏–ª–∏ –∫–ª–∏–∫–Ω—É–≤ –º—ã—à—å—é.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong">–°–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º</emphasis> - —ç—Ç–æ –ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ–µ –æ—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞ —Å —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –µ–≥–æ —Ç–µ–∫—É—â–µ–≥–æ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏—è (–Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –≤—Å–µ—Ö –æ—Ç–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—ã—Ö –≤–∞–º–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–≤). –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤—ã –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —Å–ø—è—â–µ–≥–æ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∞, –≤—Å—è –≤–∞—à–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ –≤–æ—Å—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Ç–æ–º –≤–∏–¥–µ, –≤ –∫–∞–∫–æ–º –±—ã–ª–∞ –¥–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–∞ –≤ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º. –í —Å–ø—è—â–µ–º —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–µ —ç–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–æ—ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏—è –Ω–µ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong">–í—ã–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ</emphasis> –ø–æ–ª–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å—é –∑–∞–≤–µ—Ä—à–∞–µ—Ç —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—É –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞, –Ω–µ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è—è –µ–≥–æ —Ç–µ–∫—É—â–µ–µ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏–µ. –ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –≤—ã–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω, –æ–Ω –Ω–µ —Ä–∞—Å—Ö–æ–¥—É–µ—Ç —ç–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–æ—ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏—é.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong">–í–æ–∑–æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ</emphasis> —ç—Ç–æ –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞ –∏–∑ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∞ —ç–∫–æ–Ω–æ–º–∏–∏ —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏–∏ –≤ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º –Ω–æ—Ä–º–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è. –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –≤—ã–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –∏–∑ –∂–¥—É—â–µ–≥–æ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∞, –Ω–∞–∂–∞–≤ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏—à–∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã –∏–ª–∏ –∫–ª–∏–∫–Ω—É–≤ –º—ã—à–∫–æ–π. –í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –≤—ã–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –∏–∑ —Å–ø—è—â–µ–≥–æ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∞ –Ω–∞–∂–∞—Ç–∏–µ–º –∫–Ω–æ–ø–∫–∏ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏—è –Ω–∞ –í–∞—à–µ–º –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–µ.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –ø–µ—Ä–µ–≤–µ—Å—Ç–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –≤ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º —ç–∫–æ–Ω–æ–º–∏–∏ —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏–∏ –≤—Ä—É—á–Ω—É—é, —â—ë–ª–∫–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ <application>–ü–µ—Ä–µ–∫–ª—é—á–∞—Ç–µ–ª—é –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª–µ–π</application> –≤ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ–º –≤–µ—Ä—Ö–Ω–µ–º —É–≥–ª—É —Ä–∞–±–æ—á–µ–≥–æ —Å—Ç–æ–ª–∞ –∏ –≤—ã–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–µ–µ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏–µ.</para> <caution> <para>–° –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞–º–∏ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–∞—Ç—å –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º—ã –ø—Ä–∏ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–µ –≤ —Ç–µ –∏–ª–∏ –∏–Ω—ã–µ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º—ã —ç–∫–æ–Ω–æ–º–∏–∏ —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏–∏. –õ—É—á—à–∏–π —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç—å, —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –ª–∏ –Ω–∞ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º —ç–∫–æ–Ω–æ–º–∏–∏ —ç–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–∏–∏ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–µ–º –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–µ - —ç—Ç–æ –ø–æ–ø—ã—Ç–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–π—Ç–∏ –≤ —ç—Ç–æ—Ç —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º –∏ —É–≤–∏–¥–µ—Ç—å, –≤–µ–¥–µ—Ç –ª–∏ –æ–Ω —Å–µ–±—è —Ç–∞–∫, –∫–∞–∫ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞–ª–æ—Å—å. –í—Å–µ–≥–¥–∞ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–π—Ç–µ –≤–∞–∂–Ω—ã–µ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã, –ø—Ä–µ–∂–¥–µ —á–µ–º –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—å –≤ –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π –∏–ª–∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º.</para> </caution> <sect2 id="pm-suspend-hibernate-fails" status="review"> <title>–ú–æ–π –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–π—Ç–∏ –≤ –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π –∏–ª–∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º</title> <para>–ù–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä—ã –Ω–µ –º–æ–≥—É—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–π—Ç–∏ –≤ –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π –∏–ª–∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º —Å Ubuntu. –í —ç—Ç–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –≤—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞–±–ª—é–¥–∞—Ç—å —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–µ:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>–ü–æ—Å–ª–µ –≤—ã–±–æ—Ä–∞ —Å–ø—è—â–µ–≥–æ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –Ω–µ –≤—ã–∫–ª—é—á–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ü–æ—Å–ª–µ –≤—ã—Ö–æ–¥–∞ –∏–∑ —Å–ø—è—â–µ–≥–æ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã –Ω–µ –≤–æ—Å—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–≤–ª–∏–≤–∞—é—Ç—Å—è.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ü–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–∞ –≤ –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–æ–±—É–∂–¥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ù–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã –∏–ª–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Å—Ç–∞—é—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –≤—ã—Ö–æ–¥–∞ –∏–∑ –∂–¥—É—â–µ–≥–æ –∏–ª–∏ —Å–ø—è—â–µ–≥–æ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∞.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–ï—Å–ª–∏ –≤–æ–∑–Ω–∏–∫–ª–∞ –ø–æ–¥–æ–±–Ω–∞—è –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∞, –≤—ã –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω—ã —Å–æ–æ–±—â–∏—Ç—å –æ–± –æ—à–∏–±–∫–µ –Ω–∞ <ulink url="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug">Launchpad</ulink>. –¢–æ–≥–¥–∞, –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ, –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∞ –±—É–¥–µ—Ç –∏—Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∞ –≤ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–µ–π –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏–∏ Ubuntu. –í—ã —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ø—Ä–æ–±–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å <link linkend="pm-general-method">–û–±—â–∏–π —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± –∑–∞—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π –∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º—ã —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å</link>.</para> <para>–ï—Å–ª–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–µ –∫–æ—Ä—Ä–µ–∫—Ç–Ω–æ, –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞ –≤ –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π –∏–ª–∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º, –ø–µ—Ä–µ–∑–∞–≥—Ä—É–∑–∏—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä - —ç—Ç–æ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–æ –ø–æ–º–æ—á—å. –ê –µ—Å–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –Ω–µ –∫–æ—Ä—Ä–µ–∫—Ç–Ω–æ, –ø–æ–ø—Ä–æ–±—É–π—Ç–µ –µ—ë –ø–µ—Ä–µ–∑–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∏—Ç—å.</para> <caution> <para>–î–ª—è –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º —Å–æ –∂–¥—É—â–∏–º –∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–º —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–æ–º, –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä—å—Ç–µ, —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–Ω—ã –ª–∏ –≤—Å–µ –æ—Ç–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—ã–µ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã.</para> </caution> <sect3 id="pm-general-method" status="review"> <title>–û–±—â–∏–π —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–± –∑–∞—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π –∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å</title> <para>–í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ø—ã—Ç–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∑–∞—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç—å –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π –∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º, –Ω–æ –¥–ª—è —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–∏. –≠—Ç–æ—Ç –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ –ø–æ–¥—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –¥–ª—è –±–æ–ª—å—à–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–æ–≤. –ï—Å–ª–∏ –æ–Ω —É –≤–∞—Å –Ω–µ —Å—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç, –∏—â–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ–º–æ—â—å –Ω–∞ –∫–∞–Ω–∞–ª–µ —Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∫–∏ –∏ –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∫–∏ Ubuntu.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–°–∫–∞—á–∞–π—Ç–µ <ulink url="http://people.freedesktop.org/~hughsient/quirk/quirk-suspend-debug.html">—Å–∫—Ä–∏–ø—Ç Quirk Checker</ulink> –≤ –≤–∞—à—É –¥–æ–º–∞—à–Ω—é—é –ø–∞–ø–∫—É.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ù–∞–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª <filename>quirk-checker.sh</filename> –≤ –≤–∞—à–µ–π –¥–æ–º–∞—à–Ω–µ–π –ø–∞–ø–∫–µ, –∫–ª–∏–∫–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –Ω—ë–º –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ–π –∫–Ω–æ–ø–∫–æ–π –º—ã—à–∏ –∏ –∑–∞–π–¥–∏—Ç–µ –≤ <guilabel>–°–≤–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</guilabel>. –í–æ –≤–∫–ª–∞–¥–∫–µ <guilabel>–ü—Ä–∞–≤–∞</guilabel>, –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ç—å—Ç–µ <guilabel>–ü–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è—Ç—å –≤—ã–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ –∫–∞–∫ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–º—ã</guilabel> –∏ –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ó–∞–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—å</guibutton>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–û—Ç–∫—Ä–æ–π—Ç–µ —Ç–µ—Ä–º–∏–Ω–∞–ª (<menuchoice><guimenu>–ü—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è</guimenu><guimenuitem>–°—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–Ω—ã–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–¢–µ—Ä–º–∏–Ω–∞–ª</guimenuitem></menuchoice>), –Ω–∞–±–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <userinput>./quirk-checker.sh</userinput> –∏ –Ω–∞–∂–º–∏—Ç–µ <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–°–ª–µ–¥—É–π—Ç–µ –≤—ã–≤–æ–¥–∏–º—ã–º –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏—è–º. –î–ª—è —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≤–∞–∂–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–Ω—ã—Ö —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤, –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –≤–∞–º —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –æ–±—Ä–∞—Ç–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –∑–∞ –ø–æ–¥–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∫–æ–π, –µ—Å–ª–∏ –≤—ã –Ω–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ–Ω—ã –≤ —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—è—Ö.</para> </step> </procedure> <caution> <para>–ü–µ—Ä–µ–¥ —Ç–µ–º –∫–∞–∫ –≤–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç—å –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—è, —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ–º—ã–µ Quirk Checker, —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–π—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω—ã–µ –∫–æ–ø–∏–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –≤—ã –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω—è–µ—Ç–µ.</para> </caution> </sect3> </sect2> <sect2 id="pm-hibernate-pattern" status="review"> <title>–ü–æ—á–µ–º—É —è –≤–∏–∂—É —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π —É–∑–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–µ, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —è –ø–µ—Ä–µ–≤–æ–∂—É –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –≤ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º?</title> <para>–í–∞—à —ç–∫—Ä–∞–Ω –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å —á—ë—Ä–Ω–æ-–±–µ–ª—ã–π —É–∑–æ—Ä —Å—Ä–∞–∑—É –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —Ç–æ–≥–æ, –∫–∞–∫ –≤—ã –∫–ª–∏–∫–Ω—É–ª–∏ –ø–æ –∫–Ω–æ–ø–∫–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ–≤–æ–¥–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–∞ –≤ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º. –≠—Ç–æ –Ω–æ—Ä–º–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ –¥–ª—è –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –≤–∏–¥–µ–æ–∫–∞—Ä—Ç, —Ç–∞–∫ —á—Ç–æ –±–µ—Å–ø–æ–∫–æ–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –Ω–µ –æ —á–µ–º.</para> <para>–ï—Å–ª–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç —É–∑–æ—Ä –¥–æ–ª–≥–æ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è, –Ω–µ –æ—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–∞—è—Å—å, –≤–µ—Ä–æ—è—Ç–Ω–æ –µ—Å—Ç—å –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º—ã —Å–æ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–º —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–æ–º. –°–º. <link linkend="pm-suspend-hibernate-fails">–ú–æ–π –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä –Ω–µ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –≤ –∂–¥—É—â–∏–π –∏–ª–∏ —Å–ø—è—â–∏–π —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º</link> –¥–ª—è –¥–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏–π.</para> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="input-devices" status="review"> <title>–ú—ã—à–∏ –∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã</title> <para>–≠—Ç–æ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª —Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –ø–æ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—é –∏ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–µ –º—ã—à–µ–π, –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏—Ö —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤ –≤–≤–æ–¥–∞, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã —Å–¥–µ–ª–∞—Ç—å –∏—Ö –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –∫–æ–º—Ñ–æ—Ä—Ç–Ω—ã–º –¥–ª—è –í–∞—Å.</para> <sect2 id="input-mice" status="review"> <title>–ú—ã—à–∏ –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏–µ —É–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—â–∏–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</title> <para>–í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –æ–ø—Ü–∏–π, —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å –≤–∞—à–µ–π –º—ã—à—å—é, —Ç–∞–∫–∏—Ö –∫–∞–∫ —Å–∫–æ—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—å –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è —É–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è –∏ –∏–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–ø—Ä–µ—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è –Ω–∞–∂–∞—Ç–∏–π –∫–æ–º–ø—å—é—Ç–µ—Ä–æ–º.</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#mouse-skills">–ù–∞–≤—ã–∫–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã —Å –º—ã—à—å—é</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –ø–æ –±–∞–∑–æ–≤—ã–º –Ω–∞–≤—ã–∫–∞–º, —Ç–∞–∫–∏–º –∫–∞–∫ –Ω–∞–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ, –∫–ª–∏–∫ –∏ –ø–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–∞—Å–∫–∏–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#prefs-mouse">–ù–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –º—ã—à–∏</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –ø–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—é –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–∫, —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å –º—ã—à—å—é, —Ç–∞–∫–∏–µ –∫–∞–∫ –º—ã—à—å –¥–ª—è –ª–µ–≤—à–∏ –∏ —Å–∫–æ—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—å –¥–≤–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è —É–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—è</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#dtconfig-1">–î–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø - –ù–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∞ –ú—ã—à–∏</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –æ–± –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–∫ –º—ã—à–∏ –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª–µ–π –≤—Å–ø–æ–º–æ–≥–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã—Ö —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#sysadmin-37">–î–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø - –ù–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∞ –∞–ª—å—Ç–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ç–∏–≤–Ω—ã—Ö —É–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—â–∏—Ö —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –ø–æ –ø–æ–≤–æ–¥—É —É–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—â–∏—Ö —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤ (–ø–æ–º–∏–º–æ –º—ã—à–µ–π)</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect2> <sect2 id="input-keyboard" status="review"> <title>–ö–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã</title> <para>–í—ã –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –æ–ø—Ü–∏–π, —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–æ–π, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, —Ä–∞—Å–∫–ª–∞–¥–∫—É –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã –∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã–µ —Å–æ–∫—Ä–∞—â–µ–Ω–∏—è</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#keyboard-skills">–û—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω—ã–µ –Ω–∞–≤—ã–∫–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—ã –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–µ</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –ø–æ –±–∞–∑–æ–≤–æ–º—É –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏—é –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–æ–π.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#prefs-keyboard">–ù–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–∫ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, —Ä–∞—Å–∫–ª–∞–¥–∫–∏</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gswitchit#gswitchit-applet-switching">–ò–Ω–¥–∏–∫–∞—Ç–æ—Ä —Ä–∞—Å–∫–ª–∞–¥–æ–∫ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–°–ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ—á–Ω–∏–∫ –ø–æ –∏–Ω–¥–∏–∫–∞—Ç–æ—Ä—É —Ä–∞—Å–∫–ª–∞–¥–æ–∫ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–µ—Ç –ø–µ—Ä–µ–∫–ª—é—á–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –º–µ–∂–¥—É —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã–º–∏ —Ä–∞—Å–∫–ª–∞–¥–∫–∞–º–∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#dtconfig-0">–î–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø - –ö–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∞—Ü–∏—è –º—ã—à–∏ –∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –ø–æ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–µ –º—ã—à–∏ –∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª–µ–π —Å –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ–º –≤—Å–ø–æ–º–æ–≥–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã—Ö —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–π.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#keynav-0">–ò—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã –¥–ª—è –Ω–∞–≤–∏–≥–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –ø–æ —Ä–∞–±–æ—á–µ–º—É —Å—Ç–æ–ª—É</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–†—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥–ª—è –Ω–∞–≤–∏–≥–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –ø–æ —Ä–∞–±–æ—á–µ–º—É —Å—Ç–æ–ª—É –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—É.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:accessx-status#index">–ú–æ–Ω–∏—Ç–æ—Ä –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–†—É–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ –ø–æ –∞–ø–ø–ª–µ—Ç—É —Å–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏—è —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–µ–π –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã, –æ—Ç–æ–±—Ä–∞–∂–∞—é—â–µ–º—É —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—É—Å –≤—Å–µ—Ö –≤–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–µ–π –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:char-palette#charpick-characters">–ò—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –∫–∞—Å—Å—ã —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–π—Ç–µ –∫–∞—Å—Å—É —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤ –¥–ª—è –±—ã—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π –≤—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∫–∏ –±—É–∫–≤ –∏ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–æ–≤, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã—Ö –Ω–µ—Ç –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–µ–π –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–µ.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect2> <sect2 id="input-touchpads" status="review"> <title>–¢–∞—á–ø–∞–¥—ã (—Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∏) –∏ –ø–ª–∞–Ω—à–µ—Ç—ã</title> <para>–ú–æ–∂–Ω–æ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å —Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω—É—é –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª—å –∏–ª–∏ –ø–ª–∞–Ω—à–µ—Ç –¥–ª—è —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è —É–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª–µ–º –º—ã—à–∏.</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:hardware#laptops-touchpads">–°–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∏</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –ø–æ –∏–∑–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∏—é –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–∫ —Ç–∞—á–ø–∞–¥–∞ (—Å–µ–Ω—Å–æ—Ä–Ω–æ–π –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∏) –Ω–æ—É—Ç–±—É–∫–∞.</para> </listitem> <!--<listitem> <para><emphasis role='strong'><ulink type='help' url='ghelp:'>Graphics tablets</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>Information about using a graphics tablet.</para> </listitem>--> </itemizedlist> </sect2> </sect1> </article>